The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer systems that use the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) for communication. It connects billions of devices, enabling data exchange, communication, and access to services worldwide. The Internet has transformed communication, commerce, education, and entertainment but also brings concerns about privacy, security, and the digital divide.

Java is a high-level, object-oriented programming language known for its portability, robustness, and scalability. Developed by Sun Microsystems (now Oracle), Java follows the “write once, run anywhere” principle, allowing code to run on any device with a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). It’s widely used for building large-scale enterprise applications, Android mobile apps, and web services. Java features automatic memory management (garbage collection), a vast standard library, and strong security features, making it a popular choice for backend systems, distributed applications, and cloud-based solutions.

Python is a high-level, interpreted language known for its readability and simplicity, making it accessible to both beginners and experienced developers. It supports multiple paradigms like procedural, object-oriented, and functional programming. Python’s rich ecosystem includes libraries like Django and Flask for web development, Pandas and NumPy for data analysis, and TensorFlow and PyTorch for machine learning. It’s widely used in web development, data science, automation, and scripting, and benefits from a strong community and extensive documentation.

Relational databases are a type of DBMS that organizes data into structured tables with rows and columns, using a schema to define relationships. They use SQL for querying and managing data, supporting operations like retrieval, insertion, updating, and deletion. Relational databases enforce data integrity through keys and constraints, and efficiently handle complex queries and transactions. Examples include MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Oracle Database, commonly used for applications requiring structured data storage and strong consistency.

GitHub has become a central hub for open-source projects and is widely used by developers, companies, and organizations for both private and public repositories. It was acquired by Microsoft in 2018 but continues to operate as a relatively independent entity. GitHub’s popularity has made it an essential tool in modern software development workflows and a key platform for showcasing coding projects and contributing to open-source software.

An API (Application Programming Interface) is a set of defined rules and protocols that allow different software applications to communicate and interact with each other. It provides a standardized way for developers to access and manipulate the functionalities or data of a service, application, or platform without needing to understand its internal workings. APIs can be public or private and are commonly used to integrate disparate systems, facilitate third-party development, and enable interoperability between applications. They typically include endpoints, request methods (like GET, POST, PUT), and data formats (like JSON or XML) to interact with.